Mawu oyambira oyatsira (ⅰ)

1. Carbon (c) : Pamene zokhudzana ndi kaboni pazitsulo zimawonjezeka, mphamvu zokolola ndi zokolola zimachuluka, koma pulasitiki ndi mphamvu zolimba. Ngati zokhudzana ndi mpweya zimaposa 0.23%, magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo chikuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, ma carbon omwe ali ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 0,20%. Zochitika za kaboni kwambiri zimathanso kuchepetsa kukana kwa mlengalenga, komanso chitsulo cha kaboni m'malo otseguka chimakonda kuwonongera; Kuphatikiza apo, kaboni imatha kuwonjezera kugwedezeka komanso kusamvana kwachitsulo.

2. Silicon (SI) Ngati ziphani zomwe zili mu chitsulo zimapitilira 0.50-0.60%, silicon imadziwika kuti yoyama. Silika amatha kusintha kwambiri mabungwe, zokolola ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo. Kuphatikiza 1.0-1.2% silikon kuti ithetse ndi kukwiya kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zake mwa 15-20%. Silika wophatikizidwa ndi Molybdenum, namngsten, chromium, etc. ali ndi mphamvu yakuwongolera chipongwe chovunda, ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chopanda kutentha. Zitsulo zotsika zotsika ndi 1-4% silicon ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri yamatsenga ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi kupanga zitsulo zopangira silika. Kuchuluka kwa silika kumachepetsa kuverera kwa chitsulo.

3. Manding Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo zimakhala ndi 0,30-0.50% manganese. Opitilira 0,70% ya chitsulo cha kaboni imawonjezeredwa, imatchedwa "chitsulo cha Manganese". Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo wamba, sikuti kuli ndi mphamvu zokwanira, komanso zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma. Zimakhala bwino kuuma kwa chitsulo ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito otentha. Mwachitsanzo, zokolola zokolola 16% ndizokwera kuposa zitsulo za A3. Zitsulo zokhala ndi 11-14% manganese ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kugula, zowerengera za mpira, etc.

4. Lusphorous (P) : Mwambiri, phosphorous ndi chinthu choyipa mu chitsulo, chomwe chimawonjezera kutsekemera kwa chitsulo, chimawononga magwiridwe ake, kumachepetsa chipilala, ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ozizira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuti mafose a phosphorous okhala ndi ochepera 0.045%, komanso chofunikira cha chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri.