Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yoponyera: mchenga woponyera ndi kuponyera kwapadera.
1. Mchenga wamba ukuponya, pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga monga momwe nkhungu, imadziwikanso ngati mchenga wowuma kapena nkhunda yowuma, koma si mchenga wowuma, koma sikuti mchenga wonse umagwiritsidwa ntchito poponyera. Ubwino wake ndi wotsika mtengo, monga mchenga womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nkhungu ungagulidwe; Zovuta ndichakuti kupanga nkhungu kumakhala nthawi yambiri, ndipo nkhungu yokha singagwiritsidwe ntchito. Iyenera kuwonongedwa musanapezeke.
1.1 Mchenga (Core) Njira Zomangirira: Kudzikuza Mchenga, yikani nokha kutentha kwa mchenga, madzi amchenga nkhuni, zouma zouma, zolimba.
1.2 Njira Yopanga Zopanga Yopanga Zopanga: Amasankhidwa kutengera kukula kwake, mawonekedwe, batch yopanga, ndi mawonekedwe a mchenga. Pakupanga, imatha kukhala yogawika m'magulu am'manja ndi makina opangidwa ndi ma cores.
Kupumula kwapadera kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera zinthu zokuumba: Makamaka kuponyera malo achilengedwe ndi miyala yopanga, kuwononga malo opindika, etramic kuponyera .) komanso zapadera zimagwirira ntchito zachitsulo monga momwe zimapangidwira zinthu (monga zitsulo zoumba, kukakamizidwa kuponya, kupuma kochepa, etrufugal, etc.).
2.1 Meaning Moden Njira Yopsinjika
Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo ndi mfundo zosungunuka kwambiri kuposa zida zophika kuti zipange nkhungu. Imagawidwa m'njira yokoka, njira yoyendetsera zotsika kwambiri, komanso njira yosinthira kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa nkhungu, zitsulo zomwe zitha kuponyedwanso.
2.2 Dewaxng Kutaya
Njira iyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa onse oponya ma memba akuponya ndikuponya kokhazikika.
Choyamba, sinthani chinthucho kuti muponyedwe ndi sera, kenako ndikuyika dziwe lokhala ndi ceramic (kapena silica sol) ndikuzilola kuti ziume. Phimbani mawu a sera ndi wosanjikiza wa filimu yakunja ndikubwereza masitepe mpaka filimuyo ikukwanira kuti ithandizire pakuponyera (pafupifupi 1/4 inchi). Kenako sungunulani sera mu nkhungu ndikuchotsa kuchokera ku nkhungu. Pambuyo pake, nkhungu imayenera kuperekedwa kwamiteli yambiri kuti iwonjezere kuuma kwake isanagwiritsidwe ntchito poponyera.
Njirayi ndiyolondola bwino komanso ndiyoyenera kuponyera mitanda yayitali monga Titanium. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa ceramics ndi kufunika kotenthetsera ndi zovuta zambiri, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo.